This is a glossary of Sanskrit astrological terms.

The format of entries is as follows:

(English way of writing the word) - (Devanagari) - (IAST) - (Kyoto-Harvard)1 - definition

Devanagari is the usual way of writing Sanskrit in India today.

IAST is the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, a precise way of indicating Sanskrit text in a Roman alphabet using diacritics.

Kyoto-Harvard is another transliteration system that doesn’t use diacritics, so it can be typed easily with a normal keyboard.

Sanskrit words are given in their stem form, i.e., the form you will find listed in Monier-Williams. You can look them up there to find their gender and declension.

I am including a KH version so that if you would like to look up the word in an online Sanskrit dictionary yourself you can do so easily. Cologne University has a number of digital Sanskrit dictionaries you can choose from. I usually use Monier-Williams (MW). The word you want to look up goes in the “citation” box. Make sure the “input” drop down is set to “Kyoto-Harvard”. The “output” will give the definitino in IAST if set to “Roman Unicode”.

I found this dictionary as well, which is more user-friendly, and also has an English-Sanskrit option. One of the challenges of interpreting Sanskrit words that aren’t well transliterated2 are that sometimes there are many options. One English letter may stand in for two or three possible Sanskrit letters. With the Cologne dictionaries, you have to type just the right word, whereas this dictionary has more interpretive features, so you can maybe be off and still find a word, which has been very helpful to me.

The Devanagari and IAST text on this page was generated using this tool.

If you have potential corrections or requests, leave a comment or send me an email. Likewise, there are some words that I have not been able to figure out, so their definitions are marked (???). If you know the word or have a possibility for me I’d love to know.

jyotish3 - ज्योतिष - jyotiṣa - jyotiSa - “the science of the movements of the heavenly bodies and divisions of time dependent thereon”
bhacakra - भचक्र - bhacakra - bhacakra - the whole multitude of stars; bha - star, planet, lunar mansion; cakra - wheel, astronomical circle
vishuva - विषुव - viṣuva - viSuva - an equinox; also विषुवत् - viṣuvat
ayana - अयन - ayana - ayana - a solstice; road, path, course
uttarayana - उत्तरायण - uttarāyaṇa - the northern course of the sun
dakshinayana - दक्षिणायन - dakṣiṇāyana - dakSiNAyana - the southern course of the sun
sayana - सायन - sāyana - sAyana - the tropical zodiac (cakra); sa-with, ayana-solstice; lit., “with the solstice”; “the longitude of a planet reckoned from the vernal equinoctial point”
nirayana - निरयन - nirayana - nirayana - the sidereal zodiac (cakra); nis/nir-without, free from; lit., “without the solstice”
ayanamsa - अयनांश - ayanāṃśa - ayanAMza - portion of a solstice/course; ayanabhāga
ganita - गणित - gaṇita - gaNita - science of computation
karma - कर्मन् - karman - karman - act, action
sanchita - सञ्चित - sañcita - saJcita (saMcita) - collected, accumulated, gathered
prarabdha - प्रारब्ध - prārabdha - prArabdha - commenced, begun, undertaken
kriyamana - क्रियमाण - kriyamāṇa - kriyamANa - lit., being done
agama - आगम - āgama - Agama - coming near, approaching

Planets - Grahas

graha - ग्रह - graha - graha - a planet in Vedic Astrology, lit. “seizer, as seizing or influencing the destinies of men”
kheta - खेट - kheṭa - kheTa - a planet; lit., moving in the air
surya - सूर्य - sūrya - sUrya - the Sun
chandra - चन्द्र - candra - candra - the Moon
mangala - मङ्गल - maṅgala - maGgala - Mars; “mangala” literally means “happiness, welfare, bliss, anything auspicious”
kuja - कुज - kuja - kuja - Mars; lit, “earth born”
budha - बुध - budha - budha - Mercury (note: this is a different word than “Buddha”)
brihaspati - बृहस्पति - bṛhaspati - bRhaspati - Jupiter
guru - गुरु - guru - guru - Jupiter; lit., heavy
shukra - शुक्र - śukra - zukra - Venus, lit., “bright, resplendent”
shani - शनि - śani - zani - Saturn
rahu - राहु - rāhu - rAhu - Rahu
ketu - केतु - ketu - ketu - Ketu
uccatva - उच्चत्व - uccatva - uccatva - height, superiority; exaltation
nichatva - नीचत्व - nīcatva - nIcatva - lowness, inferiority; debilitation
mulatrikona - मूलत्रिकोण - mūlatrikoṇa - mUlatrikoNa - the source of a planet’s power; mūla - root; trikoṇa - triangle; we can interpret this as a karmadhāraya, “a triangle that is a root”, or a genitive tatpuruṣa, “the root of (a/the) triangle”
saumya - सौम्य - saumya - saumya - benefic; lit., gentle, mild, auspicious
kruura - क्रूर - krūra - krUra - malefic; lit., cruel, fierce, harsh, inauspicious
shubha - शुभ - śubha - zubha - benefic; lit., splendid, bright, beautiful, agreeable, auspicious
papa - पाप - pāpa - pApa - malefic; lit., bad, vicious, wiked, trouble, mischief, harm
panchadha maitri - पञ्चधा मैत्री - pañcadhā maitrī - paJcadhA maitrI - five-fold friendship
asta - अस्त - asta - asta - combustion; lit. setting (as the sun does)
vakra - वक्र - vakra - vakra - retrograde
shukla paksha - शुक्लपक्ष - śuklapakṣa - zuklapakSa - bright half of the lunar month, when the moon is waxing; śukla - bright; pakṣa - half of lunar month, lit., side, faction, wing
krishna paksha - कृष्णपक्ष - kṛṣṇapakṣa - kRSNapakSa - dark half of the lunar month, when the moon is waning
dhatu - धातु - dhātu - dhAtu - constituent element of the body
asthi - अस्थि - asthi - asthi - bone
rakta - रक्त - rakta - rakta - blood
majja - मज्जन् - majjan - majjan - marrow; lit., seathed within
tvag - त्वच् - tvac - tvac - skin
vasa - वसा - vasā - vasA - fat
virya - वीर्य - vīrya - vIrya - semen; genetic material
snayu - स्नायु - snāyu - snAyu - sinew, ligament, tendon
drishti - दृष्टि - dṛṣṭi - dRSTi - sight, glance; an aspect
sambandha - सम्बन्ध - sambandha - sambandha - conjunction; close relationship
yuti - युति - yuti - yuti - conjunction
tajika - ताजिक - tājika - tAjika - a Persian
tattva - तत्त्व - tattva - tattva - an element; lit., “thatness”
agni - अग्नि - agni - agni - fire
bhumi - भूमि - bhūmi - bhUmi - earth
nabhas - नभस् - nabhas - nabhas - ether
toya - तोय - toya - toya - water
vayu - वायु - vāyu - air, wind
jnanendriya - ज्ञानेन्द्रिय - jñānendriya - jJAnendriya - organ of knowledge
karmendriya - कर्मेन्द्रिय - karmendriya - karmendriya - organ of action
tanmatra - तन्मात्र - tanmātra - tanmAtra - subtle element from which come the gross elements
naisargika - नैसर्गिक - naisargika - natural
tatkalika - तात्कालिक - tātkālika - happening at that time, temporary

Houses - Bhavas

bhava - भाव - bhāva - bhAva - an astrological house; bhāva is derived from the root √भू/bhū whose most basic meaning is “to become, be”; bhāva can meaning “becoming, existing”, “state, condition, rank”, among a whole host of other things; it is worth looking at the whole dictionary entry for yourself.
bhavat bhavam - भावात् भावम्4 - bhāvāt bhāvam - bhAvAt bhAvam - both words are declensions of the noun bhāva; bhāvāt is in the ablative case, meaing “from (the) house”; bhāvam is in the accusative case5, in this instance indicating direction of travel6; bhāvāt bhāvam means “from house to house”
lagna - लग्न - lagna - lagna - the ascendant; first house
tanu - तनु - tanu - tanu - the body, person, self; the first house
dhana - धन - dhana - dhana - wealth, money; the second house
sahaja - सहज -sahaja - sahaja - siblings; the third house; “saha” means “with”, “ja” means “born”; sahaja literally means “with-born”
bhratru - भ्रातृ - bhrātṛ - bhrAtR - brother; third house
bandhu - बन्धु - bandhu - bandhu - relatives; the fourth house
putra - पुत्र - putra - putra - son, offspring; the fifth house
suta - सुत - suta - suta - son, child; the fifth house
ari - अरि - ari - ari - enemy; the sixth house
ripu - रिपु - ripu - ripu - enemy, adversary, a hostile planet; the sixth house
satru - शत्रु - śatru - zatru - enemey; Sanskrit has a lot of words for enemy
yuvati - युवति - yuvati - yuvati - a girl, young woman; the seventh house
kalatra - कलत्र - kalatra - kalatra - wife, consort
randhra - रन्ध्र - randhra - randhra - an opening, apterutre, chasm, fissure; a defect, flaw, weak part; the eighth house
mrityu - मृत्यु - mṛtyu - mRtyu - death; the eighth house
ayur - आयुस् - āyus - Ayus - life; eighth house
dharma - धर्म - dharma - dharma - dharma; yes, I’m only including the definition of “dharma” to be “dharma”; it is a word full of meanings, so I would suggest looking at the definition in Monier-Williams for yourself; the ninth house
bhagya - भाग्य - bhāgya - bhAgya - luck, fortune; ninth house
karma - कर्मन् - karman - karman - action; this word too has many meaning, but in terms of the tenth house, the basic meaning of “action”, “activity”, is the basic indication; the tenth house
aya - आय - āya - Aya - income, gain, profit; the eleventh house7
vyaya - व्यय - vyaya - vyaya - spending, expense, cost, passing away, loss; the twelfth house
kendra - केन्द्र - kendra - kendra - lit., the center (of a circle); the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th houses
trikona - त्रिकोण - trikoṇa - trikoNa - triangle; “tri”-three/tri; “koṇa”-angle; the 1st, 5th, 9th houses
dusthana - this word does not occur in Monier-Williams or Apte; MW has
दुस् - dus - dus - prefix meaning evil, bad, difficult, hard
दुःस्थ - duḥstha - duHstha - lit., “standing badly”, uneasy, unhappy, poor,miserable
स्थान - sthāna - sthAna - the act of standing, position;
so these are the houses of “miserable standing”
upachaya - उपचय - upacaya - upacaya - increase, growth, prosperity
maraka - मारक - māraka - mAraka - a killing, killer, murderer; any deadly disease, plague, pestilience
purushartha - पुरुषार्थ - puruṣārtha - puruSArtha - “objective of men”; puruṣa - man; artha - aim or purpose; of which there are four, the following:
kama - काम - kāma - kAma - pleasure, desire, love
artha - अर्थ - artha - artha - wealth, property, material resources
dharma - धर्म - dharma - dharma - duty, rightousness, morality
moksha - मोक्ष - mokṣa - mokSa - liberation, spirituality
panaphara - पणफर - paṇaphara - paNaphara - an astrological house following upon a kendra; from ἐπαναϕορά - “reset, restoration”
apoklima - आपोक्लिम - āpoklima - Apoklima - from ἀπόκλιμα - a slope; a cadent place, preceding one of the four kendras

States/Conditions - Avasthas

avastha8 - अवस्था - avasthā - avasthA - state, condition, situation
adi - आदि - ādi - Adi - at the end of a compound word, it means “beginning with”, “etc.”; e.g., jāgradādi avasthā - the states beginning with “jāgrat”, bālādi - “beginning with childhood”
jagrat (jagradadi)9 - जाग्रत् - jāgrat - jAgrat - the waking state
svapna - स्वप्न - svapna - svapna - the dream state
sushupti - सुषुप्ति - suṣupti - suSupti - the state of deep sleep
bala - बाल - bāla - bAla - a child, esp. one under 5 years old (note: bala - power, strength, bāla-child)
kumara - कुमार - kumāra - kumAra - a youth
yuva - युवन् - yuvan - yuvan - an adult
vriddha - वृद्ध - vṛddha - vRddha - advanced in age, old, senior
mrita - मृत - mṛta - mRta - dead
lajjita - लज्जित - lajjita - lajjita - ashamed; this word does not appear in MW, it does in Apte
garvita - गर्वित - garvita - garvita - proud, haughty, conceited
kshudhita - क्षुधित - kṣudhita - kSudhita - hungered, hungry, starved
trishita - तृषित - tṛṣita - tRSita - thirsty, thirsting, desirous
mudita - मुदित - mudita - mudita - delighted, joyful, glad
kshubita10 - क्षुभित - kṣubhita - kSubhita - agitated
deepta - दीप्त - dīpta - dIpta - shining, bright, brilliant splendid
svastha - स्वस्थ - svastha - svastha - self-abiding, being in one’s self, comfortable
pramudita - प्रमुदित - pramudita - delighted, pleased, glad
shanta - शान्त - śānta - zAnta - tranquil, calm, peaceful
dina - दीन - dīna - dIna - scare, depressed, sad
duhkhita - दुःखित - duḥkhita - duHkhita - pained, distressed, afflicted, unhappy
vikala - विकल - vikala - vikala - crippled, unwell, depressed, sorrowful
khala - खल - khala - khala - wicked
kopa - कोप - kopa - kopa - wrath, anger, rage
shayana - शयन - śayana - lying down, resting
upavesha - उपवेश - upaveśa - sitting
netrapani - नेत्रपाणि - netrapāṇi - “guiding-hand”, lit. “eye-hand”, coordinating the hands and the eyes
prakashana - प्रकाशन - prakāśana - illuminating, giving light
gamana - गमन - gamana - going, going away, departure
agamana - आगमन - āgamana - coming, approaching, arriving
sabhayavasti - सभायाम् वस्ति - sabhāyām vasti - sabhāyām=f.loc.sg. of sabhā - assembly, congregation, meeting, council; vasti - abiding, dwelling, staying; overall, this phrase EW translates as “congregating”
agama - आगम - āgama - arrival, appearance, coming near
bhojana - भोजन - bhojana - act of eating, enjoying
nrityalipsa - नृत्यलिप्सा - nṛtyalipsā - desiring to dance
kautuka - कौतुक - kautuka - eargerness, curiosity, interest in anything, vehement desire for something
nidra - निद्रा - nidrā - sleep

Signs - Rashis

rasi - राशि - rāśi - rAzi - a sign of the zodiac; lit., “heap, mass, pile, group, multitude, quantity, number”
mesha - मेष - meṣa - meSa - Aries; lit., “ram, sheep”
vrishabha - वृषभ - vṛṣabha - vRSabha - Taurus; lit., “a bull”, mighty, vigorous, strong
mithuna - मिथुन - mithuna - mithuna - Gemini; lit., “a pair”
karka - कर्क - karka - karka - Cancer; lit., “a crab”
simha - सिंह - siṃha - siMha - Leo; lit., “a lion”
kanya - कन्या - kanyā - kanyA - Virgo; lit., “girl, virgin, daughter”
tula - तुला - tulā - tulA - Libra; lit., '“a balance, weight”
vrishchika - वृश्चिक - vṛścika - vRzcika - Scorpio; lit., “a scorpion”
dhanu - धनु - dhanu - dhanu - Sagittarius; lit., “a bow”
makara - मकर - makara - makara - Capricorn; lit., “a type of sea-monster”, MW says it is often confounded with the crocodile, shark, dolphin, etc.
kumbha - कुम्भ - kumbha - kumbha - Aquarius; lit., “a jar, pitcher, water-pot”
mina - मीन - mīna - mIna - Pisces; lit., “a fish”
chara - चर - cara - cara - moving, locomotive; an active sign
sthira - स्थिर - sthira - sthira - fixed, immovable, motionless
dvisvabhava - द्विस्वभाव - dvisvabhāva -dvisvabhAva - having a double nature or character; dvi-two; sva-one’s own, refers to the self; bhāva-state, mood, character
varna - वर्ण - varṇa - varNa - caste; lit., color, form, figure, outward appearance
brahmin - ब्राह्मण - brāhmaṇa - braHmaNa - the brahmin caste; realting to brāhman
kshatriya - क्षत्रिय - kṣatriya - kSatriya - the second caste made of warriors and sovereigns
vaishya - वैश्य - vaiśya -vaizya - the third caste, merchants, traders, artisans
shudra - शूद्र - śūdra - zUdra - the fourth case, peasants, servants
shirshodaya - शीर्षोदय - śīrṣodaya - zIrSodaya - front-rising; śīrṣa + udaya
prishtodaya - पृष्ठोदय - pṛṣṭhodaya - pRSThodaya - back-rising
ubhayodaya - उभयोदय - ubhayodaya - ubhayodaya - both-ways rising; ubhaya-both, in both ways
dosha - दोष - doṣa - doSa - the three humours of ayurveda, combinations of the five elements; lit., fault, defect
pitta - पित्त - pitta - pitta - made of fire and water; associated with heat and metabolish
kapha - कफ - kapha - kapha - made of earth and water; structure and lubrication
vata - वात - vāta - vAta - made of space and air; associated with movement and communcation; lit., wind
guna - गुण - guṇa - guNa - quality
sattva - सत्त्व - sattva - sattva - lit. beingness
rajas - रजस् - rajas - rajas - quality that is passionate, active, urgent, variable
tamas - तमस् - tamas - tamas - interita, darkness, ignorance, error

Shadbala - The Six Strengths

shadbala - षड्बल - ṣaḍbala - SaDbala - six strengths; bala means power, strength — note is different from bāla which means childhood; ṣaḍ comes from ṣaṣ - “six”, where ṣ→ḍ by internal sandhi
sthana - स्थान - sthāna - sthAna - position, placement
ucha - उच्च - ucca - ucca - high, lofty, elevated; the apex orbit of a planet
saptavargaja - सप्तवर्गज - saptavargaja -saptvargja - born of seven vargas; sapta - seven; ja - born from
ojayugma - ओजयुग्म - ojayugma - ojayugma - oja - odd number; yugma - even number
dig - दिश् - diś - diz - direction, quarter, region; diś→dik, when in a compound; the voiced consonat “b” in “bala” causes k→g
kendra - केन्द्र - kendra - kendra - lit., the center (of a circle); the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th houses
divaratri - दिवरात्रि - divarātri - divarAtri - diva is day; rātri is night
cheshta - चेष्ट - ceṣṭa - ceSTa - moving, behaviour
ishta - इष्ट - iṣṭa - iSTa - liked, desired, agreeable, regarded as good
kashta - कष्ट - kaṣṭa - kaSTa - difficult, troublesome, wrong
nata - नत - nata - hour angle
unnata - उन्नत - unnata - elevation, ascension
paksha - पक्ष - pakṣa - a wing, a flank, side, half of anything
tribhaga - त्रिभाग - tribhāga - three parts
varsha - वर्ष - varṣa - year
masa - मास - māsa - month
dina - दिन - dina - day
hora - होरा - horā - hour

Divisional Charts - Vargas

varga - वर्ग - varga - varga - a division, class, set
hora - होरा - horā - horA - lit., an hour; a half of a zodiacal sign; horoscope
drekkana - the third varga chart; this word led me on a merry chase. I thought it was an odd-sounding Sanskrit word. None of my spelling possibilities turned up anything in MW. Eventually I saw Wilhelm write it as “drikkana”, and that led me to the proper entry at learnsanskrit.cc: dṛkkāṇa. MW’s entry for that word says: go see dṛkāṇa. The main entry in MW is for dṛkāṇa, and it gives the alternatives as dṛkkāṇa, drekkāṇa, and dreṣkāṇa11. This word is from Greek: δέκανος - dekānós - decan.
amsa - अंश - aṃśa - aMza - part, portion, a share
caturthamsa - चतुर्थांश - caturthāṃśa - caturthAMza - the fourth part; caturtha - fourth
saptamsa - सप्तांश - saptāṃśa - saptAMza - the seventh part; sapta - the seventh
navamsa - नवांश - navāṃśa - navAMza - the ninth part
dasamsa - दशांश - daśāṃśa - dazAMza - a tenth part; daśan - ten
dvadasamsa - द्वादशांश - dvādaśāṃśa - dvAdazAMza - a twelfth part
shodasamsa - षोडशांश - ṣoḍaśāṃśa - SoDazAMza - a sixteenth part
vimsamsa - विंशांश - viṃśāṃśa - viMzAMza - a twentieth part
siddhamsa - सिद्धांश - siddhāṃśa - siddhAMza - the 24th varga; siddha - perfected, holy, illustrious, sacred, divine
bhamsa - भांश - bhāṃśa - bhAMza - the 27th varga; check out bha and bhā — these have a few meanings, one being a star: most likely refers to the nakshatras, of which there are 27, hence the 27th is named after them
trimsamsa - त्रिंशांश - triṃśāṃśa - triMzAMza - a thirtieth part
catvarimsamsa - चत्वारिंशांश - catvāriṃśāṃśa - catvAriMzAMza - a fortieth part
khavedamsa - खवेदांश - khavedāṃśa - khavedAMza - the fortieth varga; kha has a number of listed meanings
akshavedamsa - अक्षवेदांश - akṣavedāṃśa - akSavedAMza - the 45th varga; veda - knowledge; akṣa has a number of meanings, one of which is “soul”, so perhaps, “the portion concerning the knowledge of the soul”?
shashtiamsa - षष्ठ्यंश - ṣaṣṭhyaṃśa - SaSThyaMza - the sixtieth varga; ṣaṣṭī + aṃśa
shadvarga - षड्वर्ग - ṣaḍvarga - SaDvarga - the six vargas D1, D2, D3, D9, D12, D30
saptavarga - सप्तवर्ग - saptavarga - saptavarga - the ṣaḍvargas + D7
dasavarga - दशवर्ग - daśavarga - dazavarga - the saptavargas + D10, D16, D60
shodasavarga - षोडशवर्ग - ṣoḍaśavarga - SoDazavarga - the daśavargas + D4, D20, D24, D27, D40, D45
vimshopaka (???)

Lunar Mansions - Nakshatra

nakshatra - नक्षत्र - nakṣatra - nakSatra - a star; a lunar mansion
ashvini - अश्विनी - aśvinī - azvinI - aśvin literally means “possessed of horses”; a charioteer
bharani - भरणी - bharaṇī - bharaNI - one who bears, carrys, support, nourishes, also with regard to the womb; MW says it is “figured by the pudendum muliebre”
krittika - कृत्तिका - kṛttikā - kRttikA - besides the name of the lunar manion, the word has one instance where it was used to mean “white spots”, and an another as “a vehicle, cart”; MW also says that in mythology “the six Kṛttikās are nymphs who became the nurses of the god of war, Kārttikeya”
rohini - रोहिणी - rohiṇī - rohiNI - “the red one”, as relating to the star Aldebaran
mrigashirsha - मृगशीर्ष - mṛgaśīrṣa - mRgazIrSa - lit., “deer head”; mṛga - deer; śīrṣa - head
ardra - आर्द्रा - ārdrā - ArdrA - lit., “the moist one”
punarvasu - पुनर्वसु - punarvasu - punarvasu - lit., “restoring goods”; punar - back, home, again, once more; vasu - wealth, goods, property
pushya - पुष्य - puṣya - puSya - nourishment; the blossom or flower
ashlesha - आश्लेषा - āśleṣā - AzleSA - intimate connection, contact; embrace
magha - मघा - maghā - maghA - the bountiful one; magha - gift, reward, bounty
purva phalguni - पूर्वा फल्गुनी - pūrvā phalgunī - pUrvA phalgunI - the first reddish one; pūrva - being before or in front, first; phalguna - reddish, red
uttara phalguni - उत्तरा फल्गुनी - uttarā phalgunī - uttarA phalgunI - the later reddish one; uttara - later, following, subsequent
hasta - हस्त - hasta - hasta - hand
citra - चित्रा - citrā - citrA - the bright one; the name of the star Spica; citra - bright, clear, conspicuous
svati - स्वाति - svāti - svAti - the star Arcturus; MW says it is of unknown derivation
vishakha - विशाखा - viśākhā - vizAkhA - the forked one, the one who has branches
anuradha - अनुराधा - anurādhā - anurAdhA - no specific meaning given; may be related to अनूराध - anūrādha - causing welfare, happiness
jyeshta - ज्येष्ठा - jyeṣṭhā - jyeSThA - the most excellent one
mula - मूल - mūla - mUla - root, basis, foundation, cause, origin
purvashadha - पूर्वाषाढा - pūrvāṣāḍhā - pUrvASADhA - the first āṣāḍhā; āṣāḍha - the name of a month; a staff made of the wood the palāśa carried by an ascetic during the month of āṣāḍha
uttarashadha - उत्तराषाढा - uttarāṣāḍhā - uttarASADhA - the later āṣāḍhā
shravana - श्रवण - śravaṇa - zravaNa - lit., the act of hearing; the ear; that which is heard
dhanishta - धनिष्ठा - dhaniṣṭhā - dhaniSThA - the very swift one; the very rich one
shatabhisha - शतभिष - śatabhiṣa - zatabhiSa - MW says the proper name is śatabhiṣaj, “requiring a hundred physicians”; śata - one hundred; bhiṣaj - physician, healer
purva bhadrapada - पूर्वभाद्रपदा - pūrvabhādrapadā - pUrvabhAdrapadA - the first bhādrapadā is the month of bhādra; bhadrapada is the name of a certain meter; bhadra - blessed, auspicious, fortunate; the first auspicious step
uttara bhadrapada - उत्तरभाद्रपदा - uttarabhādrapadā - uttarabhAdrapadA - the latter bhādrapadā; the next auspicious step
revati - रेवती - revatī - revatI - the prosperous one; revat - wealthy, abundant, rich, prosperous
abhijit - अभिजित् - abhijit - abhijit - the victorious one

Yogas - Combinations

neecha bhanga - नीच भङ्ग - nīca bhaṅga - nIca bhaGga - cancellation of debilitation; bhaṅga - lit., breaking , interuption, shattering
dharma karma adhipati - अधिपति - adhipati - adhipati - ruler, commander, regent, king; as a compound written as one work, “lords of (the houses of) fortune and action”
pancha mahapurusa - पञ्चमहापुरुष - pañcamahāpuruṣa - paJcamahApuruSa - the five yogas of great persons; pañca - five; mahāpuruṣa - great man
ruchaka - रुचक - rucaka - rucaka - PMP of Mars; lit., “very large”, an object meant to bring good luck
bhadra - भद्र - bhadra - bhadra - PMP of Mercury; lit., blessed, auspicious, fortunate
hamsa - हंस - haṃsa - haMsa - PMP of Jupiter; lit., swan
malavya - मालव्य - mālavya - mAlavya - PMP of Venus
shasha - शश - śaśa - zaza - PMP of Saturn; lit., hare, rabbit
gaja keshari - गजकेशरिन् - gajakeśarin - gaja/kezarin - gaja is an elephant; keśarin is a lion
shataka - शतक - śataka - zataka - consisting of one hundred
kemadruma - केमद्रुम - kemadruma - kemadruma - a Greek word: κενο-δρόμος; κενό - emptiness, gap, blank; δρόμος - course, path, from the root meaning “to run”, cognate English -drome, e.g., velodrome
sunapha - सुनफा - sunaphā - sunaphA - this word carries only the meaning of referring to this particular yoga
anapha - अनफा - anaphā - anaphA - like above
durudhara - दुरुधरा - durudharā - durudharA - like above
shubha kartari - शुभकर्तरि - śubhakartari - zubhakartari - śubha - pleasant, agreeable, good; kartari - scissors
papa kartari - पापकर्तरि - pāpakartari - pApakartari - pāpa - bad unfortunate
ati vasuman - अतिवसुमत् - ativasumat - ativasumat - ati - very; vasumat - wealthy, “having wealth”
amala - अमल - amala - amala - spotless, stainless, pure; a - not, cognate with English ‘a’ in, e.g., atheist; mala - dirt, filth, dust, impurity
parivartana - परिवर्तन - parivartana - parivartana - moving to and fro, turning around, exchange
srik - सृज् - sṛj - sRj - not sure about this; sṛj is used at the end of compounds meaning “producing, creating, begetting”
sarpa - सर्प - sarpa - sarpa - a snake
kala sarpa - कालसर्प - kālasarpa - kAlasarpa - kāla can mean black, dark-colored, or “time”
anuloma - अनुलोम - anuloma - anuloma - when all planets in a kalasarpa yoga move toward Rahu; lit., in a natural direction, in regular order
viloma - विलोम - viloma - viloma - when all planets in a kalasarpa yoga move toward Ketu; lit., in reverse order, contrary to the usual course

Cakrādi - Chakras and such

muladhara - मूलाधार - mūlādhāra - mUlAdhAra - lit., “root substratum”
svadhistana - स्वाधिष्ठान - svādhiṣṭhāna - svAdhiSThAna - lit., “one’s own abode; sva + adhiṣṭhāna
manipura - मणिपूर - maṇipūra - maNipUra - the navel; the cakra sitting at the navel
anahata - अनाहत - anāhata - anAhata - heart chakra; lit., “unstruck/unbeaten”
vishuddha - विशुद्ध - viśuddha - vizuddha - lit., “(completely) clean, pure”
ajna - आज्ञा - ājñā - AjJA - lit., “order, command, authority”
sahasrara - सहस्रार - sahasrāra - sahasrAra - lit., “thousand-spoked”

Ages - Yugas

yuga - युग - yuga - yuga - an age of the world
satya - सत्य - satya - satya - the first age of the world; lit., truth, reality
treta - त्रेता - tretā - tretA - the second age, lit. “age of triads”
dwapara - द्वापर - dvāpara - dvApara - the third age, lit. “the age of the number two”
kali - कलि - kali - kali - the fourth ago; lit., strife, discord, contention; note: the goddess has the name काली - kālī - kAlI, where both vowels are long; in the name of the age, both vowels are short

Numbers

(These aren’t the actual numbers in Sanskrit. Rather, Ernst Wilhelm, in this Cards of Truth video, explains the numbers 1-10 by referencing the Indian conception of them, with Sanskrit words; these are those words.)

janma - जन्मन् - janman - janman - birth; one
sampat - सम्पत् - sampat - sampat - to fly together; two
vipat - विपत् - vipat - vipat - to fly apart; three
kshema - क्षेम - kṣema - kSema - safety, security; four
pratyara - प्रत्यर - pratyara - pratyara - an intermediate spoke of a wheel; five
sadhaka - साधक - sādhaka - sAdhaka - smaller fulfillment; six
vadha - वध - vadha - vadha - vanquisher, destroyer, destruction; seven
maitra - मैत्र - maitra - maitra - friendship; eight
paramamaitra - परममैत्र - paramaitra - paramaitra - highest friendship; nine
marshakarma - मर्षकर्मन् - marṣakarman - marSakarman - this isn’t exactly what EW said; I heard him “karmarsha”, which is not something I found in any dictionary. However, marṣa means “patience, endurance” and karman is “action”, so this is a karmadhāraya meaning “patient/enduring action”, which is what EW said is the phrase for number ten

Time

nakshatra - नाक्षत्र - nākṣatra - as a unit of time, a nakshatra day is one rotation of the earth about its axis, which is 23 hours 56 minutes and 04 seconds; “a month computed by the moon's passage through the 27 mansions, or of 30 days of 60 Ghaṭīs each”; note: the first vowel is long; is the name of the “lunar mansions”, the vowel is short. nākṣatra is derived from nakṣatra as a vṛddhi derivative, which means “coming from nakṣatra”
savana - सावन - sāvana - corresponding to the solar time (day, month, year); the correct solar time. one sāvana day is the time from sunrise to sunrise. 360 such savana days in a savana year
vara - वर - vara - a savana day, the time from sunrise to sunrise
tithi - तिथि - tithi - a lunar day, which is 12 degrees of difference between the ecliptic longitude of the sun and the moon; 360 such lunar days in a year is 354.363 modern days
candra - चान्द्र - cāndra - a lunar month, m.
saura - सौर - saura - one degree of the Sun’s motion; a saura year is 365.2422 modern days
ayana - अयन - ayana - an ayana is a solstice, but also the time from one solstice to the next, which is 180 saura days
uttarayana - उत्तरायन - uttarāyana - the norther course of the sun, from the southern solstice to the northern solstice
dakshinayana - दक्षिनायन - dakṣināyana - the souther course of the sun, from the northern solstice to the southern solstice
ritu - ऋतु - ṛtu - the right or fit time for a certain thing, a settled point of time, a fixed time for a certaint thing; also specifically means a season, usually listed as six — I’m wondering how much
paksha - पक्ष - pakṣa - lit., a wing; half a lunar month, i.e., 15 tithis

Names of the Sun

surya - सूर्य - sūrya - the Sun
ravi - रवि - ravi - the Sun, the sun-god
arka - अर्क - arka - a ray, a flash of lightning, the sun
aditya - आदित्य - āditya - lit., “belonging to or coming from Aditi”; aditi is the boundless, limitless, perfect and infinite; the Sun as aditya is thus a manifestation of these things
dinakrit - दिनकृत् - dinakṛt
dinakarta - दिनकर्तृ - dinakartṛ - m.nom.sg.: दिनकर्ता/dinakartā
divakara - दिनकर - dinakara - day-maker
dinesha - दिनेश - dineśa - day-lord
dinapati - दिनपति - dinapati - “day-lord”
tamohanta - तमोहन्तृ - tamohantṛ - “darkness-killer”, m.nom.sg.: तमोहन्ता - tamohantā
pusha(n) - पूषन् - pūṣan - the nourisher, purifier
savita - सवितृ - savitṛ - vivifier
ina - इन - ina - powerful, mighty, glorious
hamsa - हंस - haṃsa - swan
mitra - मित्र - mitra - friend
shura - शूर - śūra - hero, strong and valiant man
tikshnamsha - तीक्ष्णांश - tīkṣṇāṃśa - sharp/fiery/hot-rayed
tapana - तपन - tapana - warming, burning, shining
prabhakara - प्रभाकर - prabhākara - “light-maker”
bhanu - भानु - bhānu - light, spendlor, lustre, appearance, brightness
aruna - अरुण - aruṇa - red, ruddy, the color of the dawn
dinamani - दिनमणि - dinamaṇi - “day-jewel”
dyumani - द्युमणि - dyumaṇi - “sky-jewel”
graharaja - ग्रहराजन् - graharājan - “planet-king”
grahapati - ग्रहपति - grahapati - “planet-lord”
tarani - तरणि - taraṇi - moving foward, quick, untired, energetic
heli - हेलि - heli - from Greek, ἥλιος

Names of the Moon

chandra - चन्द्र - candra - glittering, shining, having the brilliance or hue of light
chandrama - चान्द्रम - cāndrama - lunar
chandrika - चन्द्रिका - candrikā - moonlight
chandraka - चन्द्रक - candraka - the moon
indu - इन्दु - indu - a bright drop
udupati - उडुपति - udupati - star lord
udunatha - उडुनाथ - uḍunātha - star lord
uduraja - उडुराज - uḍurāja - star king
nakshatranatha - नक्षत्रनाथ - nakṣatranātha - lord/king of the stars
shitagu - शीतगु - śītagu - cool-rayed
shitamshu - शीतांशु - śītāṃśu - cool-rayed
shitarashmi - शीतरश्मि - śītaraśmi - cool-rayed
himanshu - हिमांशु - himāṃśu - cool-rayed
shitadyuti - शीतद्युति - śītadyuti - cool brightness
rajanipati - रजनिपति - rajanipati - lord of the night
ratrisha - रात्रीश - rātrīśa - lord of the night
ratrimani - रात्रिमणि - rātrimaṇi - night-jewel
nishakara - निशाकर - niśākara - night-maker
vidhu - विधु - vidhu - lonely, solitary
kumudinipati - कुमुदिनीपति - kumudinīpati - lord of places abounding in lotuses
shashi - शशिन् - śaśin - containing a hare
shashanka - शशाङ्क - śaśāṅka - hare-marked
mriganka - मृगाङ्क - mṛgāṅka - deer-marked
samudraka - सामुद्रक - sāmudraka - oceanic; sea salt
glau - ग्लौ - glau - a round lump
soma - सोम - soma - juice, extract

Names of Mars

kuja - कुज - kuja - earth-born
bhumija - भुमिज - bhumija - earth-born
kshitija - क्षितिज - kṣitija - earth-born
mahija - महीज - mahīja - earth-born
mahisunu - महीसूनु - mahīsūnu - son of the earth
bhauma - भौम - bhauma - related to the earth, coming from the earth; vṛddhi derivative of bhumi
bhusuta - भूसुत - bhūsuta - earth-son
bhusutavadidhiti
mangala - मङ्गल - maṅgala - auspicious, lucky, feliticy, welfare
kshitinandana - क्षितिनन्दन - kṣitinandana - earth-rejoicing; earth-son
kruranetra - क्रूरनेत्र - krūranetra - cruel-eyed; cruel leader
kruradrik - क्रूरदृश् - krūradṛś - cruel-eyed; having a cruel appearance
ara - अर - ara - swifty, speedy
vakra - वक्र - vakra - crooked, hostile, cruel
chara - चर - cara - moving, changing
rakta - रक्त - rakta - red; excited, affected with passion
rudhira - रुधिर - rudhira - red, blood-red, bloody
lohitaka - लोहितक - lohitaka - red, of a reddish color
lohitanga - लोहिताङ्ग - lohitāṅga - red-limbed
raktanga - रक्ताङ्ग - raktāṅga - red-limbed
gaganolmuka - गगनोल्मुक - gaganolmuka - sky-firebrand; ulmuka is a piece of burning charcoal used to start a fire; firestarter-in-the-sky
kholmuka - खोल्मुक - kholamuka - sky-firebrand
angaraka - अङ्गारक - aṅgāraka - charcoal
shivagharmaja - शिवघर्मज - śivagharmaja - born from the heat of śiva, i.e., the heat that śiva generates as he performs tapas

Names of Mercury

budha - बुध - budha - awakening, intelligent, wise, clever
budhana - बुधान - budhāna - awakening, knowing, wise, prudent
vid - विद् - vid - knowing, understanding, a knower
jna - ज्ञ - jña - knowing, wise, intelligent, the thinking soul
induputra - इन्दुपुत्र - induputra - son of the moon
indunandana - इन्दुनन्दन - indunandana - son of the moon
somaja - सोमज - somaja - born of soma
vidhusuta - विधुसुत - vidhusuta - son of the moon
saumya - सौम्य - saumya - of or relating to soma; vṛddhi derivative of soma
priyakrit - प्रियकृत् - priyakṛt - friend, benefactor; doing a kindness
sushila - सुशील - suśīla - well-disposed, good-tempered, having an amiable disposition
shyamanga - श्यामाङ्ग - śyāmāṅga - black-limbed

Names of Jupiter

guru - गुरु - guru - heavy; teacher
suraguru - सुरगुरु - suraguru - teach of the gods
suracharya - सुराचार्य - surācārya - spiritual teacher of the gods
devamantri - देवमन्त्रिन् - devamantrin - counsellor to the devas
ijya - इज्य - ijya - that which is to be revered or honored; a teacher
devejya - देवेज्य - devejya - revered by the devas
sureshta - सुरेष्ट - sureṣṭa - desired by the gods, sought by the gods
vacaspati - वाचस्पति - vācaspati - lord of speech
vagisha - वागीश - vāgīśa - master of language
vacasampati
mantra - मन्त्र - mantra - sacred text or speech, prayer; instrument of thought
brihaspati - बृहस्पति - bṛhaspati - lord of prayer
arya - अर्य - arya - excellent, noble, master, lord
suri - सूरि - sūri - a learned man, sage
angirasuna - अङ्गिरसून - aṅgirasūna - son of Angiras
apremeya/aparimeya12 - अपरिमेय - aparimeya - immeasurable, illimitable
samsiddhikarma - संसिद्धकर्मन् - saṃsiddhakarman - connected with successful works
puruhuta - पुरुहूत - puruhūta - much invoked, invoked by many
jiva - जीव - jīva - living, existing, alive; any living being; life, existence; the principal of life, vital breath, the personal soul

Names of Venus

shukra - शुक्र - śukra - bright, resplendent, clear, pure
sita - सित - white, pale, bright, light
accha - अच्छ - accha - not shaded, not dark, transparent, clear
kama - काम - kāma - wish, desire, longing, pleasure, love
ushana - उशना - uśanā - with desire, zealously
kritajna - कृतज्ञ - kṛtajña - knowing what is right, correct conduct
bijanidhi - बीजनिधि - bījanidhi - store of seeds
bhrigusuta - भृगुसुत - bhṛgusuta - son of Bhrigu
bhargava - भार्गव - bhārgava - coming from or relating to Bhrigu
kavya - काव्य - kāvya - endowed with the qualities of a sage or poet
kavi - कवि - kavi - sage, poet, skillful, intelligent, knowing, wise, sensible, prudent
daityapujya - दैत्यपूज्य - daityapūjya - worshipped by Daityas
daityaguru - दैत्यगुरु - daityaguru - teacher of the Daityas
dinavejya
shodashamshu - षोडशांशु - ṣoḍaśāṃśu - sixteen-rayed

Names of Saturn

shani - शनि - śani - slow-moving
manda - मन्द - manda - slow, loitering, idle, lazy, tardy, apathetic
shanaishcara - शनैश्चर - śanaiścara - walking or moving slowly
pangu - पङ्गु - paṅgu - lame, crippled in the legs
krishna - कृष्ण - kṛṣṇa - dark
kala - कल - kala - indistinct, inarticulate, dumb
asita - असित - asita - dark, black
suryaputra - सूर्यपुत्र - sūryaputra - son of the Sun
arki - आर्कि - ārki - descendant of the Sun
taranitanaya - तरणितनय - taraṇitanaya - son of the Sun
sauri - सौरि - sauri - of or relating to the Sun
chayasunu - छायासूनु - chāyāsūnu - child of Shadow
chayasuta - छायासुत - chāyāsuta - son of Shadow
chayatanaya - छायातनय - chāyātanaya
yama - यम - yama - self-control, foreberance, restraint
prasiddha - प्रसिद्ध - prasiddha - well-known, celebrated, accomplished
pratitakarma - प्रतीतकर्म - pratītakarma - acknowledged action

Names of the Moon’s North Node

rahu - राहु - rāhu - the seizer
vidhumtuda - विधुंतुद - vidhuṃtuda - moon-troubler
agu - अगु - agu - without rays (of light)
tama - तम - tama - dark, darkness
sarpa - सर्प - sarpa - snake, serpent
phani - फणिन् - phaṇin - hooded, a serpent
bhujanga - भुजंग - bhujaṃga - snake
bhujaga - भुजग - bhujaga - going in curves, a snake
ahi - अहि - ahi - a snake
phanindra - फणीन्द्र - phaṇīndra - serpent-king
svarbhanu - स्वर्भानु - svarbhānu - space of light
asura - असुर - asura - demon
ghata - घात - ghāta - injuring, hurting, destruction
pata - पात - pāta - fall, downfall

Names of the Moon’s South Node

ketu - केतु - ketu - sign, mark, flag, banner
dhvaja - ध्वज - dhvaja - banner, flag, standard
dhuma - धूम - dhūma - smoke, vapor, mist
dhumra - धूम्र - dhūmra - smoky, grey, dim, obscured
puccha - पुच्छ - puccha - tail, hinder part
shikhi - शिखिन् - śikhin - peacock, having flame, fire
anala - अनल - anala - fire

The Circle of Adityas

Sanskrit referenced from this version of the Srimad Bhagavatam. Most of the “English” spellings of the names come from Bibek Debroy’s translation, Volume 3, starting on page 484.13 (Note: some defintions copied verbatim from Monier-Williams.) The basis for this section is Ernst Wilhem’s first introductory video for the “Aditya Zodiac”.

While I have included definitions from Monier-Williams, a better source for research would the Purāṇic Encyclopedia by Vettam Mani, which is a truly extrodinary work that includes many, many of the names and characters from all of the Puranas. It has summaries and also tells where in the epics the stories are told. You can find it here at archive.org.14

aditi - अदिति - aditi - aditi - “boundlessness, immensity, inexhaustible abundance”
rtu - ऋतु - ṛtu - Rtu - season

masa - मास - māsa - mAsa - month
aditya - आदित्य - āditya - Aditya - vṛddhi derivative of aditi; belonging to or coming from aditi
rishi - ऋषि - ṛṣi - RSi - “a singer of sacred hymns, an inspired poet or sage, any person who alone or with others invokes the deities in rhythmical speech or song of a sacred character (e.g. the ancient hymn-singers Kutsa, Atri, Rebha, Agastya, Kuśika, Vasiṣṭha, Vy-aśva); the Ṛṣis were regarded by later generations as patriarchal sages or saints, occupying the same position in India history as the heroes and patriarchs of other countries, and constitute a peculiar class of beings in the early mythical system, as distinct from gods, men, Asuras, &c.; they are the authors or rather seers of the Vedic hymns i.e. according to orthodox Hindū ideas they are the inspired personages to whom these hymns were revealed, and such an expression as ‘the Ṛṣi says’ is equivalent to ‘so it stands in the sacred text’”
apsara - अप्सरस् - apsaras - apsaras - “‘going in the waters or between the waters of the clouds’, a class of female divinities (sometimes called ‘nymphs’; they inhabit the sky, but often visit the earth; they are the wives of the Gandharvas (q.v.) and have the faculty of changing their shapes at will; they are fond of the water”
rakshasa - राक्षस - rākṣasa - rAkSasa - “a Rakṣas or demon in general, an evil or malignant demon (the Rākṣasas are sometimes regarded as produced from Brahmā's foot, sometimes with Rāvaṇa as descendants of Pulastya, elsewhere they are styled children of Khasā or Su-rasa; according to some they are distinguishable into 3 classes, one being of a semi-divine benevolent nature and ranking with Yakṣas &c.; another corresponding to Titans or relentless enemies of the gods; and a third answering more to nocturnal demons, imps, fiends, goblins, going about at night, haunting cemeteries, disturbing sacrifices and even devouring human beings; this last class is the one most commonly mentioned; their chief place of abode was Laṅkā in Ceylon”
naga - नाग - nāga - nAga - “a Nāga or serpent-demon (the race of Kadru or Su-rasā inhabiting the waters or the city Bhoga-vatī under the earth; they are supposed to have a human face with serpent-like lower extremities; their kings are Śeṣa, Vāsuki, and Takṣaka”
yaksha - यक्ष - yakṣa - yakSa - “a class of semi-divine beings (attendants of Kubera, exceptionally also of Viṣṇu; described as sons of Pulastya, of Pulaha, of Kaśyapa, of Khasā or Krodhā; also as produced from the feet of Brahmā; though generally regarded as beings of a benevolent and inoffensive disposition, like the Yakṣa in Kālidāsa's Megha-dūta, they are occasionally classed with Piśācas and other malignant spirits, and sometimes said to cause demoniacal possession”
gandharva - गन्धर्व - gandharva - gandharva - “Gandharvas are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the Apsarasas to Indra's heaven, sharing also in his battles;” Monier-Williams has much more to say about gandharvas; apparently they have a number of different descriptions in different contexts; the description above is the one I am most familiar with

Below each section will be an audio file where I pronounce each of the words in the section.

(Note: the order of names under each month will follow the order above: (season), month, aditya, rishi, apsara, rakshasa, naga, yaksha, gandharva.)

vasanta - वसन्त - vasanta - vasanta - spring

Dhata

madhu - मधु - madhu - madhu - “N. of the first month of the year”
dhata - धातृ - dhātṛ - dhAtR - “establisher, founder, creator, bearer, supporter, orderer, arranger; N. of a divine being who personifies these functions (in Vedic times presiding over generation, matrimony, health, wealth, time and season; later chiefly the creator and maintainer of the world”; m.nom.sg: dhātā
pulastya - पुलस्त्य - pulastya - pulastya - “m. N. of an ancient Ṛṣi (one of the mind-born sons of Brahmā; also enumerated among the Prajā-patis and seven sages, and described as a lawgiver)”
kritasthali - this precise word doesn’t have an entry in Monier Williams; there is अद्रि-कृत-स्थली/adri-kṛta-sthalī - “f. N. of an Apsaras”
heti - हेति - heti - heti - “m. N. of the first Rākṣasa king (represented as occupying the Sun's chariot in the month Caitra or Madhu)”; this is mentioned in the Ramayana
vasuki - वासुकि - vāsuki - vAsuki - “of a serpent-king (one of the three chief kings of the Nāgas, the other two being Śeṣa and Takṣaka; the gods and demons used the serpent Vāsuki as a rope for twisting round the mountain Mandara when they churned the ocean”
rathakrit - रथकृत् - rathakṛt - rathakRt - “N. of a Yakṣa”
tumburu - तुम्बुरु - tumburu - tumburu - “m. N. of a Gandharva”

vidhata - विधातृ - vidhātṛ - a distributer, disposer, arranger, granter, giver, bestower
kuhu - कुहू - kuhū - the new moon, “the first day of the first quarter (on which the moon rises invisible)”
saya - साय - sāya - evening personified; son of dhata and kuhu
sinivali - सिनीवाली - sinīvālī - “the first day of new moon when it rises with a scarcely visible crescent”
darsha - दर्श - darśa - day of the new moon, when moon has just become visible; lit., looking at, view; appearance; son of dhata and sinivali
raka - राका - rākā - “the goddess presiding over the actual day of full moon (or regarded as the Full Moon's consort; Anumati is supposed to preside over the previous day)”; the full moon
pratar - प्रातर् - prātar - at daybreak, at dawn; morning personified; son of dhata and raka
anumati - अनुमति - anumati - “the fifteenth day of the moon's age (on which it rises one digit less than full, when the gods or manes receive oblations with favour)”
purnamasa - पूर्णमास - pūrṇamāsa - the full moon personified; son of dhata and anumati

takshaka - तक्षक - takṣaka - lit., “a cutter”, a carpentar; name of naga prince

manini - मानिनी - māninī - highly honoured or esteemed; lit., “thining, being of an opinion”; a wife of Pulastya
havirbhu - हविर्भू - havirbhū - lit., the place of sacrifice; another name for Manini, a wife of Pulastya
vishravas - विश्रवस् - viśravas - lit. “great fame”; son of Pulastya and Manini; father of Kubera and Ravana, among others
kubera - कुबेर - kubera - “the god of riches and treasure (regent of the northern quarter which is hence called)”; son of Vishravas, brother of Ravana by a different mother
ravana - रावण - rāvaṇa - “N. of the ruler of Laṅkā or Ceylon and the famous chief of the Rākṣasas or demons whose destruction by Rāmacandra forms the subject of the Rāmāyaṇa (as son of Viśravas he was younger brother of Kubera, but by a different mother, Ilavila being the mother of Kubera, and Keśinī of the three other brothers Rāvaṇa Vibhīṣaṇa, and Kumbha-karṇa; he is one of the worst of the many impersonations of evil common in Hindū mythology; he has ten heads and twenty arms, symbolizing strength; this power was, as usual, acquired by self-inflicted austerities, which had obtained from Brahmā a boon, in virtue of which R° was invulnerable by gods and divine beings of all kinds, though not by men or a god in human form; as Viṣṇu became incarnate in Rāma-candra to destroy R°, so the other gods produced innumerable monkeys, bears, and various semi-divine animals to do battle with the legions of demons, his subjects, under Khara, Dūṣaṇa, and his other generals)”
narada - नारद - nārada - a very famous sage who often appears when help is needed; considered as a messenger between gods and men; inventor of the vina; one of the lords of the drekkana, related to Brahma as a creative force
durvasas - दुर्वासस् - durvāsas - a sage who is “known for his irascibility”; lit., badly clad, naked; a lord of drekkana, related to Shiva as a destructive force
agastya - अगस्त्य - agastya - in MW given under the entry “agasti”; “N. of a Ṛṣi (author of several Vedic hymns; said to have been the son of both Mitra and Varuṇa by Urvaśī; to have been born in a water-jar; to have been of short stature; to have swallowed the ocean, and compelled the Vindhya mountains to prostrate themselves before him; to have conquered and civilized the South; to have written on medicine, &c.)”; a lord of the drekkana, related to Vishnu as a preservative force

Aryama

madhava - माधव - mādhava - second month of spring; lit., of or relating to spring, vernal
aryama - अर्यमन् - aryman - “N. of an Āditya (who is commonly invoked together with Varuṇa and Mitra, also with Bhaga, Bṛhaspati, and others; he is supposed to be the chief of the Manes; the milky way is called his path; he presides over the Nakṣatra Uttaraphalgunī, VarBṛS.; his name is used to form different male names, Pāṇ. v, 3, 84)”; “a bosom friend, play-fellow, companion, (especially) a friend who asks a woman in marriage for another”; according to the Sanskrit Heritage Dictionary he also protects roads and symbolizes hospitality; “arya” means devoted, faithful, loyal
pulaha - पुलह - pulaha - “N. of an ancient Ṛṣi (one of the mind-born sons of Brahmā enumerated among the Prajā-patis and seven sages)”; pula - extended, wide; ha - indeed, assuredly; father of the animals and the kimpurushas
punjikasthali - पुञ्जिकस्थली - puñjikasthalī - name of an apsara
praheti - प्रहेति - praheti - “N. of a king of the Rākṣasas”; lit., a missile, a weapon
kachchanira - कच्छनीर - kacchanīra - name of a naga
athauja - अथौज (अथौजा?) - athauja (athaujā?) - a yaksha; I did not find this in any dictionary
narada - नारद - nārada - “N. of a Ṛṣi (a Kāṇva or Kāśyapa, author of RV. viii, 13; ix, 104; 105; Anukr.; as a Devarṣi often associated with Parvata and supposed to be a messenger between gods and men, MBh.; Hariv.; Kāv. &c.; among the 10 Prajā-patis as a son of Brahmā, Mn. i, 35; in later mythology he is a friend of Kṛṣṇa and is regarded as inventor of the Vinā or lute; in ep. poetry he is called a Deva-gandharva or a Gandharva-rāja or simply Gandharva)”
note: Narada is a very famous sage, so originally I put him as the rishi, but Debroy and Wilhelm both list him as the gandharva, I assume due to the fact that he invented the veena

kimpurusha - किम्पुरुष - kimpuruṣa - ‘what sort of a man?’ a mongrel being (according to the Brāhmaṇas an evil being similar to man; perhaps originally a kind of monkey [cf. BhP. xi, 16, 29]; in later times the word is usually identified with किं-नर, though sometimes applied to other beings in which the figure of a man and that of an animal are combined; these beings are supposed to live on Hema-kūṭa and are regarded as the attendants of Kubera
hanuman - हनुमत् - hanumat - lit., “having large jaws”; a monkey chief who was a great devotee of Lord Rama; sometimes spelled hanūmat; m.nom.sg. hanumān
sanaka - सनक - sanaka - one of the mind-born sons of Brahma who learned the Vedas by four or five years old and refused to undertake the task of creation; the four sages are referred to as “sanakadis”, meaning sanaka and the others, or as the Kumaras, kumāra means boy, youth or child
sanandana - सनन्दन - sanandana - one of the sanakadis; sa - with, nandana - joy; lit., “with joy”
sanatana - सनातन - sanātana - eternal; one of the sanakadis
sanatkumara - सनत्कुमार - sanatkumāra - “eternal youth”; one of the sanakadis
kshama - क्षमा - kṣamā - patience, forebearance; wife of Pualah
kardama - कर्दम - kardama - mud, clay, dirt; a son of Pulaha
urvarivan - उर्वरीवत् - urvarīvat - “having many wives for choice”; urvarā - fertile land; a son of Pulaha
sahisnu - सहिष्णु - sahiṣṇu - patient, forebearing, enduring; a son of Pulaha
karmashrestha - कर्मश्रेष्ठ - karmaśreṣṭha - “one of superior actions”; a son of Pulaha
gati - गति - gati - motion, moving, procession, progress, movement; a wife of Pulaha

grishma - ग्रीष्म - grīṣma - summer, hot season, from middle of May to middle of July in India

Mitra

shukra शुक्र - śukra - third month of the year; lit., bright, resplendent, clear
mitra - मित्र - mitra - lit., friend, companion; “N. of an Āditya (generally invoked together with Varuṇa cf. मित्रा-व्°, and often associated with Aryaman q.v.; Mitra is extolled alone in RV. iii, 59, and there described as calling men to activity, sustaining earth and sky and beholding all creatures with unwinking eye; in later times he is considered as the deity of the constellation Anurādhā, and father of Utsarga)”
atri - अत्रि - atri - lit., a devourer; “N. of a great Ṛṣi, author of a number of Vedic hymns”; “(in astron.) one of the seven stars of the Great Bear”
menaka - मेनका - menakā - “an Apsaras (wife of Hima-vat)”
paurusheya - पौरुषेय - pauruṣeya - “N. of a Rākṣasa”; lit., something made by man, or derived from humans; human; human action, the work of man
takshaka - तक्षक - takṣaka - “a Nāga prince”; lit., a cutter, a carpenter
rathasvana - रथस्वन - rathasvana - “N. of a Yakṣa”; lit., the sound or rattling of a chariot
haha - हहा - hahā - “N. of a Gandharva”; an exclamation, e.g., “alas!”; also spelled hāhā

nyaya
anvikshana
anusuya
dattatreya

Varuna

shuchi - शुचि - śuci - the fourth month; lit., shining, glowing, radiant, bright
varuna - वरुण - varuṇa - “‘All-enveloping Sky’, N. of an Āditya (in the Veda commonly associated with Mitra [q.v.] and presiding over the night as Mitra over the day, but often celebrated separately, whereas Mitra is rarely invoked alone; Varuṇa is one of the oldest of the Vedic gods, and is commonly thought to correspond to the Οὐρανός of the Greeks, although of a more spiritual conception; he is often regarded as the supreme deity, being then styled ‘king of the gods’ or ‘king of both gods and men’ or ‘king of the universe’; no other deity has such grand attributes and functions assigned to him; he is described as fashioning and upholding heaven and earth, as possessing extraordinary power and wisdom called माया, as sending his spies or messengers throughout both worlds, as numbering the very winkings of men's eyes, as hating falsehood, as seizing transgressors with his पाश or noose, as inflicting diseases, especially dropsy, as pardoning sin, as the guardian of immortality; he is also invoked in the Veda together with Indra, and in later Vedic literature together with Agni, with Yama, and with Viṣṇu; in RV. iv, 1, 2, he is even called the brother of Agni; though not generally regarded in the Veda as a god of the ocean, yet he is often connected with the waters, especially the waters of the atmosphere or firmament, and in one place [RV. vii, 64, 2] is called with Mitra, सिन्धु-पति, ‘lord of the sea or of rivers’; hence in the later mythology he became a kind of Neptune, and is there best known in his character of god of the ocean; in the MBh. Varuṇa is said to be a son of Kardama and father of Puṣkara, and is also variously represented as one of the Deva-gandharvas, as a Nāga, as a king of the Nāgas, and as an Asura; he is the regent of the western quarter [cf. लोक-पाल] and of the Nakṣatra Śatabhiṣaj”
vasishtha - विसिष्ठ - visiṣṭha - “‘the most wealthy’, N. of a celebrated Vedic Ṛṣi or sage (owner of the ‘cow of plenty’, called Nandinī, offspring of Surabhi, which by granting all desires made him, as his name implies, master of every वसु or desirable object; he was the typical representative of Brāhmanical rank, and the legends of his conflict with Viśvā-mitra, who raised himself from the kingly or Kṣatriya to the Brāhmanical class, were probably founded on the actual struggles which took place between the Brāhmans and Kṣatriyas; a great many hymns of the RV. are ascribed to these two great rivals; those of the seventh Maṇḍala, besides some others, being attributed to Vasiṣṭha, while those of the third Maṇḍala are assigned to Viśvā-mitra; in one of Vasiṣṭha's hymns he is represented as king Su-dās's family priest, an office to which Viśvā-mitra also aspired; in another hymn Vasiṣṭha claims to have been inspired by Varuṇa, and in another [RV. vii, 33, 11] he is called the son of the Apsaras Urvaśī by Mitra and Varuṇa, whence his patronymic Maitrāvaruṇi ; in Manu, i, 35, he is enumerated among the ten Prajā-patis or Patriarchs produced by Manu Svāyambhuva for the peopling of the universe; in the MBh. he is mentioned as the family priest of the solar race or family of Ikṣvāku and Rāma-candra, and in the Purāṇas as one of the arrangers of the Vedas in the Dvāpara age; he is, moreover, called the father of Aurva [Hariv.], of the Sukālins [Mn.], of seven sons [Hariv.; Pur.], and the husband of Akṣa-mālā or Arundhatī [MBh.] and of Ūrjā [Pur.]; other legends make him one of the 7 patriarchal sages regarded as forming the Great Bear in which he represents the star ζ”
rambha - रम्भा - rambhā - “a celebrated Apsaras (wife of Nala-kūbara and carried off by Rāvaṇa; sometimes regarded as a form of Lakṣmī and as the most beautiful woman of Indra's paradise)”
sahajanya - सहजन्य - sahajanya - “N. of a Yakṣa”
shukra - शुक्र - śukra - a nāga; lit., bright pure; any clear liquid; semen; juice, the essence of anything
chitrasvana - चित्रस्वन - citrasvana - “N. of a Rākṣasa”; lit., clear-voice
huhu - हुहू - huhū - “N. of a Gandharva”; also spelled hūhū

varsha - वर्ष - varṣa - the rainy season; lit., raining

Indra

nabha(s) - नभस् - nabhas - the fifth month, first of the rainy season; lit., mist, clouds, vapor
indra - इन्द्र - indra - “the god of the atmosphere and sky; the Indian Jupiter Pluvius or lord of rain (who in Vedic mythology reigns over the deities of the intermediate region or atmosphere; he fights against and conquers with his thunder-bolt [वज्र] the demons of darkness, and is in general a symbol of generous heroism; इन्द्र was not originally lord of the gods of the sky, but his deeds were most useful to mankind, and he was therefore addressed in prayers and hymns more than any other deity, and ultimately superseded the more lofty and spiritual Varuṇa; in the later mythology इन्द्र is subordinated to the triad Brahman, Viṣṇu, and Śiva, but remained the chief of all other deities in the popular mind)”
angira(s) - अङ्गिरस् - aṅgiras - “N. of a Ṛṣi, author of the hymns of RV. ix , of a code of laws, and of a treatise on astronomy (he is said by some to have been born from Brahmā's mouth, and to have been the husband of Smṛti, of Śraddhā, of two daughters of Maitreya, of several daughters of Dakṣa, &c.; he is considered as one of the seven Ṛṣis of the first Manvantara, as a Prajāpati, as a teacher of the Brahmavidyā, which he had learnt from Satyavāha, a descendant of Bharadvāja, &c. Among his sons, the chief is Agni, others are Saṃvarta, Utathya, and Bṛhaspati; among his daughters are mentioned Sinīvālī, Kuhū, Rākā, Anumati, and Akūpārā; but the Ṛcas or Vedic hymns, the manes of Haviṣmat, and mankind itself are styled his offspring. In astronomy he is the planet Jupiter, and a star in Ursa Major)”
pramlocha - प्रम्लोचा - pramlocā - “N. of an Apsaras”
varya - वर्य - varya - name of a rākṣasa; lit., to be chosen, eligible; excellent, eminent, chief
elapatra - एलापत्र - elāpatra - a naga; this word does not appear in any dictionary; Mani’s Puranic Encyclopedia includes an entry for “elāputra”, saying he was a very intelligent serpent
shrota - श्रोतृ - śrotṛ - “N. of a Yakṣa”; lit., one who hears
vishvavasu - विश्वावसु - viśvāvasu - “N. of a Gandharva (regarded as the author of the hymn, RV. x, 139)”; lit., beneficient to all

Vivasvan

nabhasya - नभस्य - nabhasya - sixth month, second of the rainy season; lit., foggy, misty
vivasvan - विवस्वत् - vivasvat - lit., shining forth, diffusing light; “‘the Brilliant one’, N. of the Sun (sometimes regarded as one of the eight Ādityas or sons of Aditi, his father being Kaśyapa; elsewhere he is said to be a son of Dākṣāyaṇī and Kaśyapa; in epic poetry he is held to be the father of Manu Vaivasvata or, according to another legend, of Manu Sāvarṇi by Sa-varṇā; in RV. x, 17, 1 he is described as the father of Yama Vaivasvata, and in RV. x, 17, 2 as father of the Aśvins by Saraṇyū, and elsewhere as father of both Yama and Yamī, and therefore a kind of parent of the human race)”; m.nom.sg. vivasvān
bhrigu - भृगु - bhṛgu - “N. of a Ṛṣi regarded as the ancestor of the Bhṛgus, AV.; AitBr. (he has the patr. Vāruṇi and is the supposed author of RV. ix, 65; x, 19; he is enumerated among the 10 Maharṣis created by the first Manu)”
anumlocha - अनुम्लोचा - anumlocā - “N. of an Apsaras”
vyaghra - व्याघ्र - vyāghra - “N. of a Rākṣasa”; lit., tiger
shankhapala - शङ्खपाल - śaṅkhapāla - name of a serpent demon; a kind of serpent
asarana - आसारण - āsāraṇa - “N. of a Yakṣa”
ugrasena - उग्रसेन - ugrasena - MW says this is the name of several princes, including a brother of Janamejaya, doesn’t mention anything about a gandharva

sharad - शरद् - śarad - autumn, the two sultry months following the rainy season in India

Tvashta

isha - इष - iṣa - name of a month
tvashta - त्वष्टृ - tvaṣṭṛ - agentive form from the root √tvakṣ - “to create, produce”; a creator, producer; m.nom.sg. tvaṣṭā
jamadagni - जमदग्नि - jamadagni - “N. of a Ṛṣi (descendant of Bhṛgu, RAnukr.; son of Bhārgava Ṛcīka and father of Paraśu-rāma, MBh. &c.; often named together with Viśvā-mitra as an adversary of Vasiṣṭha)”; note: the Bhagavatam gives the name as ऋचीकतनय - ṛcīkatanaya, which means “son of ṛcīka”
tilottama - तिलोत्तमा - tilottamā - name of an apsara; “tila” is a sesame seed, according to MW they are supposed to have originated from Vishnu sweat-drops; this name can then mean “the utmost sesame seed”
brahmapeta - ब्रह्मापेत - brahmāpeta - “N. of one of the Rākṣasas said to dwell in the sun during the month Māgha”
kambala - कम्बल - kambala - name of a naga; lit., a dewlap
shatajit - शतजित् - śatajit - name of a yaksa; lit., conquered (jit) a hundred (shata)
dhritarashtra - धृतराष्ट्र - dhṛtarāṣṭra - a “of a Deva-gandharva sometimes identified with King Dhritarashtra”

Vishnu

urja - ऊर्ज - ūrja - name of a month; lit., power, strength, vigor, sap
vishnu - विष्णु - viṣṇu - in the Adityas Calculations video EW says that this Vishnu is not really the same as the all-pervading diety. MW gives a short history of Vishnu; here is part of it: “as distinguished from the other Vedic deities, he is a personification of the light and of the sun, esp. in his striding over the heavens, which he is said to do in three paces, explained as denoting the threefold manifestations of light in the form of fire, lightning, and the sun, or as designating the three daily stations of the sun in his rising, culminating, and setting ; Viṣṇu does not appear to have been included at first among the Ādityas [q.v.], although in later times he is accorded the foremost place among them”
vishvamitra - विश्वामित्र - viśvāmitra - lit., “friend of all”; “N. of a celebrated Ṛṣi or Sage (having the patr. Gāthina, Gādheya, and Jāhnava; he was at first a functionary, together with Vasiṣṭha, of Su-dās, king of the Tṛtsus; seeing V° preferred by the king, he went over to the Bharatas, but could not prevent their being defeated by Su-dās, although he caused the waters of the rivers Vipāś and Śutudrī to retire and so give the Bharatas free passage, RV. iii, 33; he was born as a Kṣatriya, deriving his lineage from an ancestor of Kuśika, named Purū-ravas, of the lunar race of kings, and himself sovereign of Kanyā-kubja or Kanoj; his fame rests chiefly on his contests with the great Brāhman Vasiṣṭha, and his success in elevating himself, though a Kṣatriya, to the rank of a Brāhman See Manu. vii, 42 : the Rāmāyaṇa, which makes him a companion and counsellor of the young Rāma-candra, records how Viśvāmitra, on his accession to the throne, visited Vasiṣṭha's hermitage, and seeing there the cow of plenty [probably typical of गो, ‘the earth’], offered him untold treasures in exchange for it, but being refused, prepared to take it by force; a long contest ensued between the king and the saint [symbolical of the struggles between the Kṣatriya and Brāhmanical classes], which ended in the defeat of Viśvāmitra, whose vexation was such that, in order to become a Brāhman and thus conquer his rival, he devoted himself to intense austerities [during which he was seduced by the nymph Menakā and had by her a daughter, Śakuntalā], gradually increasing the rigour of his mortification through thousands of years, till he successively earned the titles of Rājarṣi, Ṛṣi, Maharṣi, and finally Brahmarṣi ; he is supposed to be the author of nearly the whole of RV. iii , and of ix, 67, 13-15; x, 137, 5; 167; moreover, a law-book, a Dhanurveda, and a medical wk. are attributed to him)”
rambha - रम्भा - rambhā - this is the same name as given for the apsara that travels with Varuna; “a celebrated Apsaras (wife of Nala-kūbara and carried off by Rāvaṇa; sometimes regarded as a form of Lakṣmī and as the most beautiful woman of Indra's paradise)”
makhapeta - मखापेत - makhāpeta - name of a rakshasa
ashvatara - अश्वतर - aśvatara - one of the chiefs of the nagas
satyajit - सत्यजित् - satyajit - name of a yaksa; lit., “truly victorious”, or “conquering by truth”
suryavarcas - सूर्यवर्चस् - sūryavarcas - name of a gandharva; lit., resplendent as the sun

hemanta - हेमन्त - hemanta - winter, the cold season

Amshu

sahas - सहस् - sahas - first month of the winter season
amshu - अंशु - aṃśu - a ray, sunbeam; point, end; “a filament (especially of the Soma plant)”
kashyapa - कश्यप - kaśyapa - “N. of a mythical Ṛṣi, of an ancient sage, VS.; AV. &c., (a descendant of Marīci and author of several hymns of the Ṛg-veda, RV.; AV.; ŚBr.; he was husband of Aditi and twelve other daughters of Dakṣa, MBh. i, 2598; Mn. ix, 129; by Aditi he was father of the Ādityas [cf. काश्यपेय] TS.; ŚBr.; and of Vivasvat, R.; and of Viṣṇu in his वामन अवतार, R.; BhP.; VP.; by his other twelve wives he was father of demons, nāgas, reptiles, birds, and all kinds of living things; from the prominent part ascribed to him in creation he is sometimes called Prajā-pati; he is one of the seven great Ṛṣis and priest of Paraśu-rāma and Rāma-candra; he is supposed by some to be a personification of races inhabiting the Caucasus, the Caspian, Kaśmīr, &c.)”
urvashi - उर्वशी - urvaśī - “‘widely extending’, N. of the dawn (personified as an Apsaras or heavenly nymph who became the wife of Purū-ravas)”
vidyucchatru - विद्युच्छत्रु - vidyucchatru - name of rakshasa; vidyut can meaning flashing, illuminating; it can also mean lightning; shatru is enemy, so a literally translation could by “lightning-enemy”; enemy of lightning; vidyut is also the dawn, so it could be “enemy of the dawn”
mahashankha - महाशङ्ख - mahāśaṅkha - name of a naga; lit., “great conch-shell”
tarkshya - तार्क्ष्य - tārkṣya - name of yaksha
ritasena - ऋतसेन - ṛtasena - name of a gandharva

Bhaga

pushya - पुष्य - puṣya - second month of winter
bhaga - भग - bhaga - lit., “dispenser”; “N. of an Āditya (bestowing wealth and presiding over love and marriage, brother of the Dawn, regent of the Nakṣatra Uttara-Phalgunī; Yāska enumerates him among the divinities of the highest sphere; according to a later legend his eyes were destroyed by Rudra)”
ayu - आयु - āyu - a living being, man, living beings collectively, mankind; the word “āyus” means life, vital power, vigor, health; active power, the totality of living beings; neither mentionds a rishi by this name, though it is the name of a child of purūravas and urvaśī
purvacitti - पूर्वचित्ति - pūrvacitti - name of an apsara; lit., “before-thought”, foreboding, presentiment
sphurja - स्फूर्ज - sphūrja - name of a rakshasa; lit., the crashing sound of thunder, a thunder-clap
karkotaka - कर्कोटक - karkoṭaka - name of a naga
urna - ऊर्ण - ūrṇa - name of a yaksha; lit., wool
arishtanemi - अरिष्टनेमि - ariṣṭanemi - name of a gandharva

shishira - शिशिर - śiśira - the cool or dewy season in India; begins about the winter solstice

Pusha

tapas - तपस् - tapas - “N. of a month intervening between winter and spring”
pusha - पूषन् - pūṣan - “N. of a Vedic deity (originally connected with the sun, and therefore the surveyor of all things, and the conductor on journeys and on the way to the next world, often associated with Soma or the Moon as protector of the universe; he is, moreover, regarded as the keeper of flocks and herds and bringer of prosperity; in the Brāhmaṇas he is represented as having lost his teeth and feeding on a kind of gruel, whence he is called करम्भाद्; in later times he is one of the 12 Ādityas and regent of the Nakṣatra Revatī or Pauṣṇa”; m.nom.sg. pūṣā
gautama - गौतम - gautama - lit., of or belong to Gotama
ghritachi - घृताची - ghṛtācī - name of an apsara; lit., abounding in ghee, filled with ghee, shining with ghee
vata - वात - vāta - name of a rakshasa; lit., wind
dhananjaya - धनंजय - dhanaṃjaya - name of a naga; lit., “wealth-winner”
suruci - सुरुचि - suruci - name of a yaksha
sushena - सुषेण - suṣeṇa - name of a gandharva; lit., “having beautiful clusters”, refers to a flower

Parjanya

tapasya - तपस्य - tapasya - “the second month of the season intervening between winter and spring”
parjanya - पर्जन्य - parjanya - lit., rain, a cloud, a rain-cloud
bharadvaja - भरद्वाज - bharadvāja - name of a rishi; lit., “bearing speed or strength (of flight)”
senajit - सेनजित् - senajit - name of an apsara; lit., “conquers armies”
varca - वर्चस् - varcas - name of a rakshasa; lit., “vital power, vigour, energy, activity, (esp.) the illuminating power of fire or the sun i.e. brilliance, lustre, light”; m.nom.sg. varcā
airavata - ऐरावत - airāvata - name of a naga; lit., “produced from the ocean”
kratu - क्रतु - kratu - name of a yaksha; lit., plan, design, intention, resolution, determinatino, purpose, intelligence, understanding, desire, will, power, ability
vishva - विश्व - viśva - name of a gandharva; lit., all, every

Grammatical Abbreviations

This is a list of grammatical abbreviations that I use in my Sanskrit analyses. This the general form of the analysis: the bold words are the stem-from, the form of the words you will find in Monier-Williams. A gender indication by itself will indicate the natural gender of the word. Declined nouns will be indicated by the form gender.case.number. I won’t always indicate compounds, so it may be that the last word in the compound appears by itself in the list, and shows the declension information. Note that Sanskrit doesn’t strictly differentiate between nouns and adjectives, so sometimes a word that is often used a noun can be used as an adjective and appear with a different gender. Verb roots are given in the word list, and the information concerning its conjugation will be given as person.number.tense.

m. - masculine gender
f. - feminine gender
n. - neuter gender
mfn. - this is used to denote words that are primarily adjectives, as they can take any gender
sg. - singular
du. - dual
pl. - plural
1st - first person
2nd - second person
3rd - third person
nom. - nominative case
acc. - accusative case
inst. - instrumental case
dat. - dative case
abl. - ablative case
gen. - genitive case
loc. - locative case
voc. - vocative case
pres. - present tense
imperf. - imperfect tense
imper. - imperative
opt. - optative/potential
fut. - future tense
perf. - perfect tense
pass. - passive
abs. - absolutive
inf. - infinitive
ind. - indeclinable
ibc. - at the beginning of a compound
ifc. - at the end of a compound
lit. - literally
mc. - metri causa, for the sake of the meter

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